ABSTRACT
Alchornea
cordifolia is known for its phytomedicinal properties
including its antimalarial potentials. This research was aimed at isolation and
characterization of bioactive components from the leaves of Alchornea
cordifolia as well as investigating by in
vitro, the antimalarial activities of its crude methanol extract and
fractions of petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol, on
human whole blood medium, infected with Plasmodium falciparum.
Phytochemical analysis, antimalarial activity and spectral characterization
were done using standard methods. Through phytochemical screening we discovered
the presence of tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, saponins, and cyanogenic
glycosides. The result of the spectral analysis revealed two compounds shown to
possess identical spectral properties but with a distinct addition of two
olefinic protons on the NMR at C-22 and C-23 in the case of one compound. The
two compounds possess a steroidal skeleton with molecular masses of 412 and 414
and molecular formulas of C29H48O and C29H50O
respectively. The two compounds interpreted from the spectral results are
Stigmasterol and β-sitosterol respectively. Based on the IR we also proposed a
third possible structure as a stigmasterol analog. The third structure still of
molecular formula C29H48O has an aldehydic functional
group, CHO replacing the CH3 on C-18 but with absence of OH on C-3. On
antimalarial activity, the crude methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction
showed a good dose-dependent antimalarial activity with mean IC50
values of Parasitaemia (P) = 12.2 and P = 12.94 respectively,
while those of standard drugs, chloroquine and ACT, used as positive control
were 13.38 and 9.2 respectively. These mean IC50 values indicate
that crude methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction gave a better
antimalarial activity than chloroquine but were not as good as ACT. Using one
way ANOVA for statistical analysis we confirmed our significant results. Hence
the leaves of Alchornea cordifolia possess promising bioactive
components that showed significant antimalarial activity against Plasmodium
falciparum and may give a better
activity when they work in synergy. Thus, it will be potentially
effective in the fight against malaria.
ATTAH, A (2023). Isolation, Characterization And Antimalarial Activity Of Bioactive Components From The Leaves Of Alchornea Cordifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Mull. Arg. Mouau.afribary.org: Retrieved Nov 17, 2024, from https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/isolation-characterization-and-antimalarial-activity-of-bioactive-components-from-the-leaves-of-alchornea-cordifolia-schumach-thonn-mull-arg-7-2
ATTAH, ATTAH. "Isolation, Characterization And Antimalarial Activity Of Bioactive Components From The Leaves Of Alchornea Cordifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Mull. Arg" Mouau.afribary.org. Mouau.afribary.org, 13 Feb. 2023, https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/isolation-characterization-and-antimalarial-activity-of-bioactive-components-from-the-leaves-of-alchornea-cordifolia-schumach-thonn-mull-arg-7-2. Accessed 17 Nov. 2024.
ATTAH, ATTAH. "Isolation, Characterization And Antimalarial Activity Of Bioactive Components From The Leaves Of Alchornea Cordifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Mull. Arg". Mouau.afribary.org, Mouau.afribary.org, 13 Feb. 2023. Web. 17 Nov. 2024. < https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/isolation-characterization-and-antimalarial-activity-of-bioactive-components-from-the-leaves-of-alchornea-cordifolia-schumach-thonn-mull-arg-7-2 >.
ATTAH, ATTAH. "Isolation, Characterization And Antimalarial Activity Of Bioactive Components From The Leaves Of Alchornea Cordifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Mull. Arg" Mouau.afribary.org (2023). Accessed 17 Nov. 2024. https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/isolation-characterization-and-antimalarial-activity-of-bioactive-components-from-the-leaves-of-alchornea-cordifolia-schumach-thonn-mull-arg-7-2