ABSTRACT

A total of 50 necklace were swabbed for bacteria contamination. Samples collected were cultured and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. In the course of the study the following bacteria were isolated Staphylococcus aureus (28%), Streptococcusspp (12%), Klebsiella pneumonia (4%), E. coli (4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4%),  andStaphylococcus aureus (28%) was the most frequently isolated organism . Sensitivity test was carried out and most of the isolates were sensitive to Peflacine, Tarivid, Ceftriaxone and resistant to Ceporex, Septrin and Ampicillin. The spread of the microorganism and prevention of infection from necklace can be minimized by proper bathing and showering with soap and antiseptics, and also by regular cleaning of necklace with antimicrobial agents suitable for it.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page i

Dedication ii

Certification iii

Acknowledgement iv

Table of Contents v

List of Tables vi

Abstract vii

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction 1

1.1 Aims 

1.2    Objectives 3

1.3 Statement of Problems 3

1.4 The Significance of Study 3

1.5 Scope of Study 3

1.6 Limitations 4

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 5

2.1 General Incidence of Pathogenic Organism in Necklace Sample 5

2.2 Bacterial Contaminants Associated with Necklace 6

2.2.1 Staphylococcus aureus 6

2.2.2 Streptococcus pyogenes 7

2.2.3 Enterobacteria 8

2.2.4 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 12

2.3 The Effectiveness of Proper Bathing and Washing in 

             Reducing the Risk of Infection 12

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Materials and Methods 15

3.1 Study Area 15

3.2 Collection of Samples 15

3.3 Preparation of Culture Media 16

3.4 Bacterial Inoculation and Isolation 16

3.5 Characterization and Identification of Organisms 16

3.6 Gram Staining 16

3.7 Biochemical Testing 17

3.7.1 Catalase test 17

3.7.2 Coagulase test 17

3.7.3 Citrate test 17

3.7.4 Motility, Indole, Urease test 18

3.7.5 Triple sugar ion test 19

3.7.6 Oxidase test 19

3.8 Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing 19

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Results 20

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Discussion 28

5.1 Conclusion 29

5.2 Recommendation 30

REFERENCES

LISTS OF TABLES

Table Title Page 

1 Morphological Identification of Isolates 21

2 Biochemical identification 22

3 Distribution of isolates from various necklace 23

4 Incidence of bacterial carriage on Necklace 24

5 Degree of bacterial contamination of Necklace Samples 25

6 Antibiotic susceptibility of the bacterial isolates from various necklaces 26