ABSTRACT
This
study was conducted in order to isolate and identify fungi causing rot of
banana fruit in Umudike Umuahia to determine the inhibitory effects of 3
indigenous plant extracts in two solvents which were methanol and acetone, the
phytochemical components of the leaves of the three indigenous plants was also
investigated. The experiment was done in 3 replicates and ANOVA was used to
analyze the data gotten after 5 days of inoculation. The results showed the
inhibition level of plant extracts on the fungi isolated (Fusarium, Rhizopus, Rhizoctonia) were 72.6 ± 9.9 for plants
extracted with methanol at 100% concentration and 78.43 ± 11.3 for plants
extracted with acetone at 50% concentration. The acetone extracts of X. aethiopica was more effective than
that of Garcinia kola and Vernonia amygdalina in the control
of Fusarium
spp; the acetone extract of G. kola was more effective than that
of X.
aethiopica and Vernonia amygdalina in
the control of Rhizopus spp and the
methanolic extracts of G.kola and X. aethiopica was more effective in the
control Rhizoctonia spp than that of V. amygdalina. Phytochemical analysis of
the leaves of the three plants extracted with Acetone and Methanol showed that
the plants contained Saponin, tannins, alkaloids, phenol, flavonoid and
hydrogen cyanide, Though tannins were not detected in the the plants extracted
with acetone. However hydrogen cyanide showed a high amount above 1.4 in the
plants extracted with acetone. The isolation from rotten banana had the Rhizoctonia spp of a high occurrence in isolated organisms and Rhizopus as the least present in the
isolated fungal pathogen of banana rot.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Title
page i
Certification
ii
Declaration
iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgement v
Table
of contents vi
List
of tables xi
List
of plates x
Abstract xi
CHAPTER
ONE
1.1
Introduction
1
1.2
Banana 2
1.3
Banana
(Nutritional Quality) 4
1.4
World
Production of Banana 6
1.5
Local
Production of Banana 7
1.6
Importance of Banana 8
1.7
Deterioration
and Spoilage Agents of Banana 9
1.7.1
Post-Harvest Mechanical Damage of
Banana 10
1.8
Vernonia amygdalina 11
1.9
Garcina kola 11
1.10
Xylopia aethiopica (Guinea Pepper) 13
1.11
Justification
and Objectives 14
CHAPTER
TWO
2.1 Literature
review 16
2.1.2 Fungi causing rot in banana 17
2.1.3 Biocontrols 18
2.1.4 Vernonia amygdalina 19
2.1.5 Garcina
kola (Bitter Kola) 19
2.1.6 Xylopia
aethiopica (Guinea pepper) 20
2.1.7 Extracts and Concentration 20
CHAPTER
THREE
3.1
Materials and Methods 21
CHAPTER
FOUR
4.1 Results 25
4.1.1 Isolated
fungi pathogens from rotten banana fruits and Pathogenicity Test 25
4.1.2 Phytochemical
analysis Result of plant extracts 28
4.1.3 Effects
of Extracts, Extract Concentration and Extraction Solvent on fungi isolated
from rotten banana fruit 32
CHAPTER
FIVE
5.1
Discussion and recommendation 38
References 40
SOPHIA, C (2021). Inhibitory Effects Of Leaf Extracts Of Three Indigenous Medicinal Plants On Fungi Responsible For Post Harvest Rot Of Banana In Abia State. Mouau.afribary.org: Retrieved Nov 14, 2024, from https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/inhibitory-effects-of-leaf-extracts-of-three-indigenous-medicinal-plants-on-fungi-responsible-for-post-harvest-rot-of-banana-in-abia-state-7-2
CHINYERE, SOPHIA. "Inhibitory Effects Of Leaf Extracts Of Three Indigenous Medicinal Plants On Fungi Responsible For Post Harvest Rot Of Banana In Abia State" Mouau.afribary.org. Mouau.afribary.org, 08 Jan. 2021, https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/inhibitory-effects-of-leaf-extracts-of-three-indigenous-medicinal-plants-on-fungi-responsible-for-post-harvest-rot-of-banana-in-abia-state-7-2. Accessed 14 Nov. 2024.
CHINYERE, SOPHIA. "Inhibitory Effects Of Leaf Extracts Of Three Indigenous Medicinal Plants On Fungi Responsible For Post Harvest Rot Of Banana In Abia State". Mouau.afribary.org, Mouau.afribary.org, 08 Jan. 2021. Web. 14 Nov. 2024. < https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/inhibitory-effects-of-leaf-extracts-of-three-indigenous-medicinal-plants-on-fungi-responsible-for-post-harvest-rot-of-banana-in-abia-state-7-2 >.
CHINYERE, SOPHIA. "Inhibitory Effects Of Leaf Extracts Of Three Indigenous Medicinal Plants On Fungi Responsible For Post Harvest Rot Of Banana In Abia State" Mouau.afribary.org (2021). Accessed 14 Nov. 2024. https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/inhibitory-effects-of-leaf-extracts-of-three-indigenous-medicinal-plants-on-fungi-responsible-for-post-harvest-rot-of-banana-in-abia-state-7-2