ABSTRACT

 This study evaluated the effect of kerosene and premium motor spirit Anopheles gambiae s.l. larvae in Umudike. Anopheline larvae were < period of 3 months from June 2018 to August 2018. Larvae of Anopheles gambiae s.l. on the development of collected monthly for a were exposed to 0ml, 20ml, 40ml, 60ml, 80ml and 100ml of kerosene and premium motor spirit respectively. Eleven larvae were introduced each into vials containing the various petroleum concentrations, each in four replicates, and their larvicidal activities were recorded and quantified. Mortality was observed and recorded after every 5 minutes interval of exposure for 30 minutes. Kerosene was effective on Anopheles gambiae mosquito larvae at concentrations ranging from 0ml to 100ml within 30 minutes of treatment. The highest concentration of kerosene yielding no larvicidal activity (0% mortality) on Anopheles gambiae mosquito larvae was recorded at 60ml within 15 minutes oftreatment while the lowest concentration of kerosene yielding 100% mortality was recorded at 20ml within 30 minutes. The lethal concentration LC50 of kerosene was high at 75.86ml and LC90 at 199.52mL Premium motor spirit was effective on the resistant strain of Anopheles gambiae mosquito after treatments of breeding sites with concentrations between 20ml to 100ml. The highest concentration of premium motor spirit yielding no larvicidal activity (0% mortality) on Anopheles gambiae mosquito larvae was recorded at 20ml within 5 minutes oftreatment while the lowest concentration of premium motor spirit yielding 100% mortality was recorded at 20ml within 20 minutes. The LC50 of premium motor spirit was lower at 51.29ml and LC90 was estimated to be 85.11ml. In conclusion, Anopheles gambiae s.l. mosquitoes of Umudike were fully susceptible to kerosene and premium motor spirit. Hence these can be used as larvicides in this locality.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page

Declaration ii

Certification iii

Dedication iv

Acknowledgments v

Table ofContents vi

List ofTables viii

List of Figures ix

Abstract !■ x

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW

1.1 Introduction 1

1.1.2 Statement ofthe Problem 3

1.1.3 Aims and Objective ofthe Study 3

1.1.4 Justification ofthe Study 4

1.2 Literature Review 4

1.2.1 Description ofAnopheles 4

1.2.2 Life cycle of a mosquito 7

1.2.2.1 The egg 8

1.2.2.2 The larva 8

1.2.2.3 The pupa 11

1.2.2.4 The adult 12

1.2.3 Habitats QiAnopheles species 14

1.2.3.1 Larvae 15

1.2.3.2 Adults 16

1.2.4 Malaria transmission and control 17

1.2.5 Insecticide resistance 20

1.2.6 Use of petroleum product in larviciding 20

21

CHAPTER TWO

MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1 Study area 23

2.2 Collection and identification ofsample 23

2.3 Determination of lethal concentrations of kerosene on larvae ofAnopheles spp. 24

2.4 Method of data analysis 24

CHAPTER THREE

RESULTS 

3.1.1 Percentage mortality and Lethal Concentration ofKerosene against the Larvae of

Anopheles gambiae

3.1 Larvicidal bioassay oftwo petroleum product, kerosene and premium motor spirit

against the larvae of anopheles gambiae s.l.

3.1.2 Percentage mortality and Lethal Concentration of Premium Motor Spirit against the

Larvae ofAnopheles gambiae

1.2.7 Resistance in the use ofpetroleum product in larviciding

CHAPTER FOUR

DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

4.1 Discussion 30

4.2 Conclusion 31

4.3 Recommendations 31

References 32

Appendix

LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1 Percentage mortality rate and lethal concentration ofAnopheles gambiae

larvae exposed to ranging concentrations ofkerosene

Table 3.2 Percentage mortality rate and lethal concentration ofAnopheles gambiae

larvae exposed to ranging concentrations of Premium Motor Spirit