ABSTRACT

This project work was carried out to study the biochemical characterization of bacteria isolated from urine samples of female students in Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State. A total of 110 samples were collected randomly from the female students. The specimens were cultured on Cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient agar. Result from this study indicated that 58(52.7%) of the specimens were significant for Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) and 52 (47.3%) were not significant for UTI. Result from biochemical characterization of the Gram positive bacteria showed that 36(75%) showed positive for catalase while 12(25%) showed negative for catalase tests. Coagulase test showed that about 17(35.4%) of the isolate were positive for coagulase while 31(64.6%) tested for coagulase were negative. Citrate utilization test was carried out on 16 Gram negative bacteria. The result revealed that 9(56.3%) of the isolate was positive with only 7(43.7%) showing negative result. Indole test for 16 isolates showed positive for 12(75%) of the total isolate. While, 4(25%) were negative. Result for the hydrogen sulphide (H2S) showed that no presence of hydrogen sulphide was observed in any of the specimens after the biochemical test. Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (Staphylococcus saprophyticus), Escherichia coli, Enterococcus species, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter Koseri and Group B Streptococci were the various bacteria isolated from the specimens. This study revealed a high prevalence rate of UTI among the tested female students most of which was caused by Staphylococcus saprophyticus.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page i

Certification ii

Dedication iii

Acknowledgements iv

Table of contents v

List of tables vii

Abstract viii

CHAPTER ONE  

INTRODUCTION

1.0 Introduction 1

1.1 Aims of Study 3

1.2 Objective 4

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Urinary Tract Infection 5

2.2 Epidemiology of the Urinary Tract System 7 

2.3 Causative Agents of Urinary Tract Infections 8

2.4 Route of Infection 9

2.5 Symptoms of Urinary Tract Infections 10

2.6 Risk Factors of Urinary Tract Infection 12

2.7 Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection 14

2.8 Types of Urinary Tract Infections 15

CHAPTER THREE

MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1 The Study Site 17

3.2 The Study Population 17

3.3 Specimen Collection 17

3.4 Sterilization of Materials and Preparation of Media 18

3.5 Culturing of Urine Specimen and Isolation of Bacterial Isolates 18

3.6 Gram Stain of Sub-Cultured Isolates 18

3.7 Biochemical Characterization and Identification of Bacterial Isolates 19

3.7.1 Catalase Test 19

3.7.2 Coagulase Test 19

3.7.3 Citrate   Test 20

3.7.4 Indole Test 20

3.7.5 Hydrogen Sulphide test 20

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULTS 22

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1 Discussions 29

5.2 Conclusions 30

5.3 Recommendations 31

    References

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE   TITLE             PAGE

    1 Gram staining reaction and biochemical characterization

 of the isolate. 23

    2 Frequency and percentages of the species of isolates among female

 Students with Asymptomatic Urinary Tract Infection 27