ABSTRACT

The assessment of microbial and nutritional qualities of animal feeds produced at Songhai farm, Rivers State was carried out. A total of seven (7) animals feed sample for Pig, turkey, snail, Grasscutter, Quail, Broilers, Layers brands of feeds produced at Songhai farm were analysed. The genera of bacteria and fungi isolated and their percentage accurrence were Staphylococcus specie (18.3%), Bacillus specie (20.4%), Pseudomonas specie (18.3%), E.coli (40.8%), Salmonella specie (32.6%), Aspergillus specie (79.5%), Fusarium specie (83.6%), Penicillum spp (83.6%) and Rhizopus specie (83.6%). The microbial count ranged as follows: Total heterotrophic bacterial count 7.8×105cfu/g to 1.50×106cfu/g; Staphylococcus aureus count 2.8×104cfu/g to 7.8×104cfu/g; E.coli count 1.0×104cfu/g to 7.8×104cfu/g; fungal count 8.3×105cfu/g to 1.90×105cfu/g. The nutritional parameters ranged as follows: Moisture content 8.3% to 9.80%; Ash content 7.2% to 10.8%; Fat content 1.01% to 10.9%; Fiber content 2.53% to 14.3%; Protein content 6.65% to 43.0%; Carbohydrate content 18.4% to 67.07%. The nutritional qualities of the animal feed analysed shown that there is high nutrient found in animal feeds produced in Songhai farm which help in the growth, healthiness and aids digestion in these animal and can help humans after consumption.

TABLE OF CONTENT 

Title page i

Certification ii

Dedication iii

Acknowledgement iv

Table of contents v

List of Tables vii 

Abstract  viii

CHAPTER ONE: Introduction 1

1.2 Aims and Objective 6

CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review 7

2.1 Animal Nutrient Requirements 8

2.1.1 Nutrition 8

2.1.2 Carbohydrates 9

2.1.3 Lipids 9

2.1.4 Proteins 9

2.1.5 Vitamins 10

2.1.6 Minerals 10

2.2 Pathogens Found in Livestock/Poultry 11

2.3 Antimicrobials in Livestock/ Poultry 12

2.4.1 Commonly Used Antimicrobials Administered to Pig 13

2.4.2 Commonly Used Antimicrobials Administered to Poultry 14

CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Method 16

3.2 Sample Collection 16

3.3 Isolation and Enumeration of Associated Microorganism 16

3.4 Media Preparation 16

3.5 Enumeration and Identification of Associated Microorganism 17

3.6 Characterization and Identification of Organism 17

3.7 Gram Staining 17

3.8 Biochemical Tests

3.9 Proximate/Nutritional Analysis of Animal Feed Samples 20

3.10 Determination of Dry Matter (Dm) 20

3.11 Determination of Ash 20

3.12 Determination of Protein 21

3.13 Determination of Fat 21

3.14 Determination of Carbohydrate 22

CHAPTER FOUR: Results 23

CHAPTER FIVE: Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendation 27

5.1 Discussion 27

5.2 Recommendation 28

References 30

Appendix I 35

Appendix I 36