ABSTRACT
Antimicrobial effects of Chromolaena odorata (commonly called Siam weed), were tested on Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Different solvents such as methanol and chloroform were used for the leaf extraction. Test organism Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi were susceptible to methanol extracts of Chromolaena odorata at concentration of 25, 50 and 100mg/ml with zone of inhibition of 15mm, 19mm and 22mm respectively for Salmonella typhi and 29mm, 32mm and 36mm for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while the chloroform extract produced similar concentration of 18mm, 20mm and 22mm for Salmonella typhi and 19mm, 20mm and 21mm for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of methanol extract against Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 12.5mg/ml and 3.12mg/ml respectively. The MIC of chloroform extract against Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 6.25mg/ml and 6.25mg/ml. For the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, no MIC was carried out because there was no zone of inhibition seen on the plate with 100% concentration. This justifies the therapeutic use of Chromolaena odorata. This research work establishes a good support to the use of these plants in herbal remedies and for the development of new drugs.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgements iv
Table of Contents v
List of Tables vii
List of Plates viii
Abstract ix
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Aims and Objectives 3
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review 4
2.1 Traditional uses of Chromolaena ordorata 6
2.2 Phytochemicals and Chemotherapy 6
2.3 Phytochemical Screening 7
2.4.1 Nutritional value of Chromolaena ordorata 7
2.4.2 Antimicrobial Susceptibility testing 8
2.4.3 Antibacterial activity of the plant extracts 8
2.4.4 Antifungal activity of the plant extracts 9
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Materials and methods 10
3.1 Materials 10
3.2 Methods 10
3.2.1 Sample collection 10
3.2.2 Preparation of extracts 10
3.2.3 Methanol extract preparation 11
3.2.4 Chloroform extract preparation 11
3.2.5 Preparation of stock solution of extracts 11
3.2.6 Media used 11
3.2.7 Media preparation 12
3.2.8 Collection of test bacterial isolates 12
3.2.9 Preparation of paper disc 12
3.2.10 Paper disc diffusion methods 12
3.2.11 Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration 13
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 Results 14
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Discussion and conclusion
5.1 Discussion 22
5.2 Conclusion
23
References 24
LIST OF TABLES
TABLES TITLE PAGES
1 Zone Of Inhibition Of Methanol Extract On The
Test Organisms. 15
2 Zone Of Inhibition Of Chloroform Extract On
The Test Organisms. 16
3 Zone Of Inhibition Produced By The Antibiotics
Used As Controls 17
4 The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Of Methanol
Plant Extracts Against Susceptible Organisms. 18
5 The Minimum inhibitory Concentration Of Chloroform
Plant Extract Against Susceptible Organisms. 19
LIST OF PLATES
PLATES TITLE PAGES
1 Diameter of Zone of Inhibition of the Methanol and
Chloroform extract of Chromolaena ordorata On
Salmonella typhi. 20
2 Diameter of Zone of Inhibition of the Methanol and
Chloroform extract of Chromolaena ordorata On
Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 21
AGHAMOBI, A (2020). ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS OF THE LEAF EXTRACTS OF Chromolaena ordorata (Siam weeds) ON SOME HUMAN PATHOGENS. Mouau.afribary.org: Retrieved Nov 24, 2024, from https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/antimicrobial-effects-of-the-leaf-extracts-of-chromolaena-ordorata-siam-weeds-on-some-human-pathogens
AGHAMOBI, AGHAMOBI. "ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS OF THE LEAF EXTRACTS OF Chromolaena ordorata (Siam weeds) ON SOME HUMAN PATHOGENS" Mouau.afribary.org. Mouau.afribary.org, 21 Apr. 2020, https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/antimicrobial-effects-of-the-leaf-extracts-of-chromolaena-ordorata-siam-weeds-on-some-human-pathogens. Accessed 24 Nov. 2024.
AGHAMOBI, AGHAMOBI. "ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS OF THE LEAF EXTRACTS OF Chromolaena ordorata (Siam weeds) ON SOME HUMAN PATHOGENS". Mouau.afribary.org, Mouau.afribary.org, 21 Apr. 2020. Web. 24 Nov. 2024. < https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/antimicrobial-effects-of-the-leaf-extracts-of-chromolaena-ordorata-siam-weeds-on-some-human-pathogens >.
AGHAMOBI, AGHAMOBI. "ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS OF THE LEAF EXTRACTS OF Chromolaena ordorata (Siam weeds) ON SOME HUMAN PATHOGENS" Mouau.afribary.org (2020). Accessed 24 Nov. 2024. https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/antimicrobial-effects-of-the-leaf-extracts-of-chromolaena-ordorata-siam-weeds-on-some-human-pathogens