ABSTRACT

The antimicrobial properties of hot water, ethanol, methanol and ethyl acetate extract Pleurotus squarrosulus. It was investigated on a gram negative bacterium Escherichia coli (e. coli) gram positive bacterium. Staphylococcus areus (S. areus) and yeast Candida albieans (C. albicans) the total yield of the crude extract was evaluated and ethanol extract gave the highest yield of 2.45mg while ethyl acetate extract gave the lowest yield. The ethanol and hot water extracts of Pleurotus squarrosulus contained bioactive compound. Alkaloid (0.5510200) flavonoid (0.4.1 + 0.04%), tannin (0.36 + 0.01%), saponin (0.17 + 0.012%). Antimicrobial activity was performed using Ager disc diffusion. Pleurotus squarrosulus showed wider zone of inhibition with the ethyl acetate extract (Eschurichia coli 13.67mm, Stahylococcus aureus 13.33mm, Candida albicans 12.3mm). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was evaluated for the mushroom. The significance of antimicrobial activity was compared with the standard antibiotics and antifungal (gentamicin and griseofulvin). The results obtained in this study suggest that Pleurotus squarrosulus possessed broad spectrum of activity against microbial isolates used and can be used in the production of antimicrobial drugs.        

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Title Page

Certification

 Dedication

Acknowledgement 

Table of Contents

List of Tables

List of Figures

Abstract 

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTION

1.2 Aims and Objectives of the Study 

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Classification 

2.2 Medicinal Uses

2.3 Review of other Medicinal plants

2.4 Phyotchemicals

2.4.1. Tanninus

2.4.2. Alkaloids

2.4.3. Flavounes, Flavouroids and flovnold

2.4.4. Saponins

2.4.5. Actions of phytochemicals

2.5 Pathogens

2.5.1 Escherichia coli (E.coil)

2.5.2 Staphylococcus aurens

2.5.3 Cadida albicans

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Materials and methods 

3.1 Source of Materials 

3.2 Sampling preparation 

3.2.1 Media preparation 

3.2.2 Text for sterility 

3.3 Production of extracts

3.4 Photochemical Analysis 

3.4.1 Test for Tannins 

3.4.2 Test for Saponins 

3.4.3 Test for Flaroniods

3.4.4 Test for Alkalodis

3.5 Quantitative Photochemical

3.5.1 Determination of Tannins

3.5.2 Determination of Alkaloid

3.5.3 Determination of Flavoniods

3.5.4 Determination of Saponins 

3.6 Confirmation of Test Organism

3.6.1 Examination of Colony Feature

3.6.2 Macroscopic Features

3.6.2.1 Gram Staining Technique

3.6.2.2 Gram Tube Test

3.6.3 Biochemical Tests

3.6.3.1 Catalase Test

3.6.3.2 Oxidase Test

3.6.3.3 Methyl Red Test 

3.6.3.4 Voges Proskaeur Test

3.6.4 Sugar Utilization Test

3.6.5 Confirmation of Identity

3.7 Antimicrobial Activity Test

3.8 Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration 

3.9 Statistical Analysis

CHAPTER FOUR 

4.1 Results

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Discussion and Conclusion 

5.1 Discussion

5.2 Conclusion 

References 

Appendix