ABSTRACT

Two accessions of the antimalarial plant Artemisia annua were collected from Calabar and Enugu in the Southeastern region of Nigeria and analyzed for anatomical, proximate and phytochemical features. Analysis of the anatomical characters revealed the immense value of its root, stem and foliar epidermal features to the taxonomy and delimitation of A annual among the taxa Artemisia. Distinct features such as polygonal and irregular epidermal cells with characteristics paracentric stomatal arrangements were observed with the aid of the light microscope. Evidence from the nature of the cortical parenchyma, scierenchyma of the stem and root were highlighted and elucidated. Calcium oxalates observed in the cortical cells and trichomes were all multicellular which consist of important distinguishing features. The occurrence of tannins (0.2 1-0.30%), alkaloids (0.35 -1.82%), flavonoids (0.15 — 0.45%), phenols (0.02-0.46%), oxalates (0.01 -1. 36 %), and hydrogen cyanide (0.15 -13.50%) present in the plant were not strange but interesting evidences to justify the activity of A.annua for the prevention and treatment of many health conditions including microbial infections, colds, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal problems. The proximate constituents of the samples were as follows crude protein (0.05 -10.15%), fat (0.16 -3.32 %), ash (13.65- 16.25%), carbohydrates (36.04 -55.83 %), moisture (5.90 — 26.25 %) and food energy value (225.86 - 394.84%).The antinutrient factors were critically studied in the light of their potential toxicity. Although the oil has a very low iodine value (9.53) but a high saponification value (161.0), acid value (13.73), dark brown in colour and has a very strong aromatic smell. It is recommended as a source of aroma chemicals for fragrance industry.